In this section, we summarise information about how people use transportation through the primary documents: "Nhớ sao xe cộ Sài Gòn," - a book describing the history and memories of travel mode in Saigon by Ngo Ke Tuu, and the article "Impressions of the first means of transport in Vietnam" by Giao Thong electronic newspaper. After comparing and verifying the information with relevant historical documents, we arrange them according to historical periods, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: A brief history of travel modes in Ho Chi Minh City.
Through each stage of development, we can see that the means of transport are increasingly modern, improving travel speed and transport volume, using green and clean energy. In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, traffic in cities around the world in general and Ho Chi Minh City will develop sustainably (it will focus on people, economy, and protection of the environment). People always want to participate in traffic effectively, agilely, and sustainably. Depending on the purpose of travel and the individual's ability to pay, they choose the appropriate type of transportation. This decision significantly affects mobility rights (indicates a person's need to use road space when using a vehicle) on the roads in the city. Through research in road sections in the central and sub-central areas in HCMC. Cars occupy a large area of the roadway, but the ability to meet transportation needs is low. The number of motorbikes passing through the section simultaneously has a relatively flexible transportation capacity for HCMC, occupying the same road area as the number of cars but meeting higher transportation needs. Buses provide a large number of travel needs. Still, due to the low demand for public transport, the bus cannot reach its maximum ability compared to the current pavement occupancy. (Nguyen, Huynh, & Nguyen, 2020)
Source:
Pham, M.T, & Vu, Q. A.N. (2022). Research on Travel mode choice behavior in Ho Chi Minh City and Smart bus shelter, a solution to provide traffic information. In Reflections on the Smart City in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (pp. 202–238). Nhà Xuất Bản Xây Dựng. https://nxbxaydung.com.vn/reflections-on-the-smart-city-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-b11857.html
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